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The oscillator module has a wide variety of clock sources and selection features that allow it to be used in a wide range of applications while maximizing perfor- mance and minimizing power consumption. Figure 2-1 illustrates a block diagram of the oscillator module.

Clock sources can be configured from external oscillators, quartz crystal resonators, ceramic resonators and Resistor-Capacitor (RC) circuits.

In addition, the system clock source can be configured from one of three internal oscillators by reading protective pic18f14k22 flash memory, with a choice of speeds selectable via software. Additional clock features include:

• Selectable system clock source between external or internal sources via software.
  • Two-Speed Start-up mode, which minimizes latency between external oscillator start-up and code execution.
  • Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) designed to detect a failure of the external clock source (LP, XT, HS, EC or RC modes) and switch automatically to the internal oscillator.
  • Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ensures stability of crystal oscillator sources.

The primary clock module can be configured to provide one of six clock sources as the primary clock.

1. 1.     RC               External Resistor/Capacitor
2. 2.     LP                 Low-Power Crystal
3. XT                Crystal/Resonator
4. 4.     INTOSC       Internal Oscillator
5. 5.     HS               High-Speed Crystal/Resonator
6. EC               External Clock

The HS and EC oscillator circuits can be optimized for power consumption and oscillator speed using settings in FOSC<3:0>. Additional FOSC<3:0> selections enable RA6 to be used as I/O or CLKO (FOSC/4) for RC, EC and INTOSC Oscillator modes.

Primary Clock modes are selectable by the FOSC<3:0> bits of the CONFIG1H Configuration register. The primary clock operation is further defined by these Configuration and register bits:

1. PRICLKEN (CONFIG1H<5>)
2. PRISD (OSCCON2<2>)
3. PLLCFG (CONFIG1H<4>)
4. PLLEN (OSCTUNE<6>)
5. HFOFST (CONFIG3H<3>) 6.     IRCF<2:0> (OSCCON<6:4>)
6. MFIOSEL (OSCCON2<4>)
7. INTSRC (OSCTUNE<7>)