Extract ATmega645V Microchip Microcontroller Embedded Firmware after break locked microcontroller atmega645v flash memory, and clone heximal code to new mcu atmega645v flash memory;

The Stack is mainly used for storing temporary data, for storing local variables and for storing return addresses after interrupts and subroutine calls. The Stack Pointer Register always points to the top of the Stack. Note that the Stack is implemented as growing from higher memory locations to lower memory locations. This implies that a Stack PUSH command decreases the Stack Pointer.

The Stack Pointer points to the data SRAM Stack area where the Subroutine and Interrupt Stacks are located. This Stack space in the data SRAM must be defined by the program before any subroutine calls are executed or inter- rupts are enabled. The Stack Pointer must be set to point above 0x0200.

The initial value of the stack pointer is the last address of the internal SRAM. The Stack Pointer is decremented by one when data is pushed onto the Stack with the PUSH instruction, and it is decremented by two for ATmega645v and three for ATmega2560/2561 when the return address is pushed onto the Stack with subroutine call or interrupt after cracking atmega645 microcontroller flash memory.

The Stack Pointer is incremented by one when data is popped from the Stack with the POP instruction, and it is incremented by two for ATmega640/1280/1281 and three for ATmega2560/2561 when data is popped from the Stack with return from subroutine RET or return from interrupt RETI.