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In addition to the standard 75 instructions of the SN8P instruction set, SN8P2242 devices also provide an optional extension to the core CPU functionality. The added features include eight additional instructions that augment indirect and indexed addressing operations and the implementation of Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode for many of the standard SN8P instructions.
The additional features of the extended instruction set are disabled by default. To enable them, users must set the XINST configuration bit. The instructions in the extended set can all be classified as literal operations, which either manipulate the File Select Registers, or use them for indexed addressing. Two of the instructions, ADDFSR and SUBFSR, each have an additional special instantiation for using FSR2. These versions (ADDULNK and SUBULNK) allow for automatic return after execution when reading the code from Microcontroller.
The extended instructions are specifically implemented to optimize re-entrant program code (that is, code that is recursive or that uses a software stack) written in high-level languages, particularly C. Among other things, they allow users working in high-level languages to perform certain operations on data structures more efficiently. These include:
- dynamic allocation and deallocation of software stack space when entering and leaving subroutines
- function pointer invocation
- software stack pointer manipulation
Most of the extended instructions use indexed arguments, using one of the File Select Registers and some offset to specify a source or destination register. When an argument for an instruction serves as part of indexed addressing, it is enclosed in square brackets (“[ ]”). This is done to indicate that the argument is used as an index or offset. MPASM™ Assembler will flag an error if it determines that an index or offset value is not bracketed after the data of flash has been read out from MCU.
When the extended instruction set is enabled, brackets are also used to indicate index arguments in byte oriented and bit-oriented instructions. This is in addition to other changes in their syntax. For more details, see
Section 24.2.3.1 “Extended Instruction Syntax with
Standard PIC18 Commands”.
· manipulation of variables located in a software stack.